Guidelines on the diagnosis, investigation and management of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

2466. Sorror, M.L., Storer, B.E., Sandmaier, B.M., Maris,M., Shizuru, J., Maziarz, R., Agura, E., Chauncey, T.R., Pulsipher, M.A., McSweeney, P.A., Wade, J.C., Bruno, B., Langston, A., Radich, J.,Niederwieser, D., Blume, K.G., Storb, R. & Maloney, D.G. (2008) Five-year follow-up of patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with allogeneic hematopoietic celltransplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26,4912–4920. Stamatopoulos, K., Ghia, P. & Rosenquist, R.(2010) New Biological Prognostic Markers inChronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.Stilgenbauer, S. & Zenz, T. (2010) Understanding and managing ultra high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia. American Society of HematologyEducation Program, 2010, 481–488.Stilgenbauer, S., Zenz, T., Winkler, D., Buhler, A.,Schlenk, R.F., Groner, S., Busch, R., Hensel, M.,Duhrsen, U., Finke, J., Dreger, P., Jager, U., Lengfelder, E., Hohloch, K., Soling, U., Schlag,R., Kneba, M., Hallek, M. & Dohner, H. (2009) Subcutaneous alemtuzumab in fludarabinerefractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinicalresults and prognostic marker analyses from theCLL2H study of the German Chronic Lympho-cytic Leukemia Study Group. Journal of ClinicalOncology, 27, 3994–4001.Stilgenbauer, S., Cymbalista, F., Leblond, V., Del-mer, A., Winkler, D., Buhler, A., Zenz, T., Mack,S., Busch, R., Hinke, A., Choquet, S., Dartigeas,C., Cazin, B., Tournilhac, O., Reiger, M., Alt, J.,Sokler, M., Schetelig, J., Dreger, P., Hallek, M.& Dohner, H. (2011) Alemtuzumab plus oraldexamethasone, followed by alemtuzumab main-tenance or allogenic transplantation in ultrahigh risk CLL: interim analysis of a phase IIstudy of the GCLLSG and fcgcll/MW. Blood,118, abstract 2854.Sutton, L., Chevret, S., Tournilhac, O., Divine,M., Leblond, V., Corront, B., Lepretre, S., Egh-bali, H., Van Den Neste, E., Michallet, M., Ma-loisel, F., Bouabdallah, K., Decaudin, D.,Berthou, C., Brice, P., Gonzalez, H., Chapiro,E., Radford-Weiss, I., Leporrier, N., Maloum,K., Nguyen-Khac, F., Davi, F., Lejeune, J.,Merle-Beral, H. & Leporrier, M. (2011) Autolo-gous stem cell transplantation as a first-linetreatment strategy for chronic lymphocytic leu-kemia: a multicenter, randomized, controlledtrial from the SFGM-TC and GFLLC. Blood,117, 6109–6119.Tam, C.S., O’Brien, S., Wierda, W., Kantarjian, H.,Wen, S., Do, K.A., Thomas, D.A., Cortes, J., Lerner, S. & Keating, M.J. (2008) Long-term results of the fludarabine, cyclophosphamide,and rituximab regimen as initial therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood, 112,975–980. Tam, C.S., Shanafelt, T.D., Wierda, W.G., Abruzzo,L.V., Van Dyke, D.L., O’Brien, S., Ferrajoli, A., Lerner, S.A., Lynn, A., Kay, N.E. & Keating, M.J. (2009) De novo deletion 17p13.1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia shows significant clinical het-erogeneity: the M.D. Anderson and Mayo Clinicexperience. Blood, 114, 957–964. Toze, C.L., Galal, A., Barnett, M.J., Shepherd, J.D.,Conneally, E.A., Hogge, D.E., Nantel, S.H., Nevill, T.J., Sutherland, H.J., Connors, J.M., Voss, N.J., Kiss, T.L., Messner, H.A., Lavoie, J.C., Forrest, D.L., Song, K.W., Smith, C.A. & Lipton, J.(2005) Myeloablative allografting for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: evidence for a potent graft-versus-leukemia effect associated with graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Trans-plantation, 36, 825–830.Treleaven, J., Gennery, A., Marsh, J., Norfolk, D., Page, L., Parker, A., Saran, F., Thurston, J. &Webb, D. (2011) Guidelines on the use of irradiated blood components prepared by the British Committee for Standards in Haematologyblood transfusion task force. British Journal ofHaematology, 152, 35–51.Tsimberidou, A.M. & Keating, M.J. (2005) Richtersyndrome: biology, incidence, and therapeuticstrategies. Cancer, 103, 216–228.Tsimberidou, A.M., O’Brien, S., Kantarjian, H.M., Koller, C., Hagemeister, F.B., Fayad, L., Lerner, S., Bueso-Ramos, C.E. & Keating, M.J. (2006a)Hodgkin transformation of chronic lymphocyticleukemia: the M.D. Anderson Cancer Centerexperience. Cancer, 107, 1294–1302. Tsimberidou, A.M., O’Brien, S., Khouri, I., Giles, F.J., Kantarjian, H.M., Champlin, R., Wen, S., Do,K.A., Smith, S.C., Lerner, S., Freireich, E.J. & Keat-ing, M.J. (2006b) Clinical outcomes and prognos-tic factors in patients with Richter’s syndrometreated with chemotherapy or chemoimmuno-therapy with or without stem-cell transplantation.Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24, 2343–2351.Tsimberidou, A.M., Wen, S., O’Brien, S.,McLaughlin, P., Wierda, W.G., Ferrajoli, A.,Faderl, S., Manning, J., Lerner, S., Mai, C.V.,Rodriguez, A.M., Hess, M., Do, K.A., Freireich,E.J., Kantarjian, H.M., Medeiros, L.J. & Keating,M.J. (2007) Assessment of chronic lymphocyticleukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma byabsolute lymphocyte counts in 2,126 patients:20 years of experience at the University of TexasM.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Journal of Clini-cal Oncology, 25, 4648–4656.Tsimberidou, A.M., Wierda, W.G., Plunkett, W.,Kurzrock, R., O’Brien, S., Wen, S., Ferrajoli, A.,Ravandi-Kashani, F., Garcia-Manero, G., Estrov,Z., Kipps, T.J., Brown, J.R., Fiorentino, A., Lern-er, S., Kantarjian, H.M. & Keating, M.J. (2008)Phase I-II study of oxaliplatin, fludarabine, cyt-arabine, and rituximab combination therapy inpatients with Richter’s syndrome or fludarabinerefractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Journalof Clinical Oncology, 26, 196–203.Varghese, A.M., Cohen, D.R., Pocock, C., Rawstron, A., Gregory, W., Smith, A., Skinner, E., Critchley, A., Milligan, D., Dearden, C., McCarthy, H., Fegan, C., Follows, G. & Hillmen, P.(2010) NRN CLL207 study of alemtuzumab consolidation in CLL: final response assessment and early follow-up (on behalf of the NCRI CLL Trials Sub Group). Blood, 116, abstract 60.Visco, C., Ruggeri, M., Laura Evangelista, M., Stasi, R., Zanotti, R., Giaretta, I., Ambrosetti, A., Madeo, D., Pizzolo, G. & Rodeghiero, F. (2008)Impact of immune thrombocytopenia on the clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood, 111, 1110–1116. Wasserman, R.L., Church, J.A., Peter, H.H., Sleas-man, J.W., Melamed, I., Stein, M.R. & Bichler, J. (2009) Pharmacokinetics of a new 10% intravenous immunoglobulin in patients receiving replacement therapy for primary immunodefi-ciency. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sci-ences, 37, 272–278. Wierda, W.G., O’Brien, S., Wang, X., Faderl, S.,Ferrajoli, A., Do, K.A., Cortes, J., Thomas, D., Garcia-Manero, G., Koller, C., Beran, M., Giles, F., Ravandi, F., Lerner, S., Kantarjian, H. & Keat-ing, M. (2007) Prognostic nomogram and indexfor overall survival in previously untreatedpatients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood, 109, 4679–4685. Wierda, W.G., Kipps, T.J., Mayer, J., Stilgenbauer,S., Williams, C.D., Hellmann, A., Robak, T., Furman, R.R., Hillmen, P., Trneny, M., Dyer, M.J., Padmanabhan, S., Piotrowska, M., Kozak, T.,Chan, G., Davis, R., Losic, N., Wilms, J., Russell,C.A. & Osterborg, A. (2010) Ofatumumab assingle-agent CD20 immunotherapy in fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28, 1749–1755.Wierda, W.G., Kipps, T.J., Keating, M.J., Brown, J.R., Gribben, J.G., Browning, M., Rassenti, L.Z.,Guideline a 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, British Journal of Haematology23 Greaves, A.W., Neuberg, D. & O’Brien, S.M.(2011) Self-administered, subcutaneous ale-mtuzumab to treat residual disease in patientswith chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer, 117,116–124.Wimperis, J., Lunn, M., Jones, A., Herriot, R.,Wood, P., O’Shaughnessy, D. & Quailie, M.(2011) Clinical Guidelines for ImmunoglobulinUse, 2nd edn update. Department of HealthPublicationWoyach, J.A., Ruppert, A.S., Heerema, N.A., Pet-erson, B.L., Gribben, J.G., Morrison, V.A., Rai,K.R., Larson, R.A. & Byrd, J.C. (2011) Chemo-immunotherapy with fludarabine and rituximabproduces extended overall survival and pro-gression-free survival in chronic lymphocyticleukemia: long-term follow-up of CALGB study9712. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 29, 1349–1355.Yri, O.E., Torfoss, D., Hungnes, O., Tierens, A.,Waalen, K., Nordoy, T., Dudman, S., Kilander,A., Wader, K.F., Ostenstad, B., Ekanger, R.,Meyer, P. & Kolstad, A. (2011) Rituximab blocks protective serologic response to influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccination in lymphomapatients during or within 6 months after treat-ment. Blood, 118, 6769–6771.Zainuddin, N., Murray, F., Kanduri, M., Gunnars-son, R., Smedby, K.E., Enblad, G., Jurlander, J.,Juliusson, G. & Rosenquist, R. (2011) TP53Mutations are infrequent in newly diagnosedchronic lymphocytic leukemia. LeukemiaResearch, 35, 272–274.Zanotti, R., Frattini, F., Ghia, P., Visco, C., Zamo,A., Perbellini, O., Stella, S., Facco, M., Giaretta,I., Chilosi, M., Pizzolo, G. & Ambrosetti, A.(2010) ZAP-70 expression is associated withincreased risk of autoimmune cytopenias in CLLpatients. American Journal of Hematology, 85,494–498.Zent, C.S., Ding, W., Schwager, S.M., Reinalda, M.S., Hoyer, J.D., Jelinek, D.F., Tschumper, R.C.,Bowen, D.A., Call, T.G., Shanafelt, T.D., Kay, N.E. & Slager, S.L. (2008) The prognostic signifi-cance of cytopenia in chronic lymphocyticleukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. BritishJournal of Haematology, 141, 615–621.Zenz, T., Habe, S., Denzel, T., Mohr, J., Winkler, D., Buhler, A., Sarno, A., Groner, S., Mertens, D., Busch, R., Hallek, M., Dohner, H. & Stil-genbauer, S. (2009) Detailed analysis of p53pathway defects in fludarabine-refractory chroniclymphocytic leukemia (CLL): dissecting the con-tribution of 17p deletion, TP53 mutation, p53–p21 dysfunction, and miR34a in a prospectiveclinical trial. Blood, 114, 2589–2597.Zenz, T., Eichhorst, B., Busch, R., Denzel, T.,Habe, S., Winkler, D., Buhler, A., Edelmann, J.,Bergmann, M., Hopfinger, G., Hensel, M., Hal-lek, M., Dohner, H. & Stilgenbauer, S. (2010a)TP53 mutation and survival in chronic lympho-cytic leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28,4473–4479.Zenz, T., Busch, R., Fink, A., Winkler, D., Fischer,K., Buhler, A., Hoth, P., Fingerle-Rowson, G.,Kneba, M., Boettcher, S., Jager, U., Mendila, M.,Wenger, M.K., Lichter, P., Hallek, M., Dohner,H. & Stilgenbauer, S. (2010b) Genetics ofpatients with F-refractory CLL or early relapseafter FC or FCR: results from the CLL8 Trial ofthe GCLLSG. Blood, 116, abstract 2427.Zenz, T., Gribben, J.G., Hallek, M., Dohner, H.,Keating, M.J. & Stilgenbauer, S. (2012) Risk categories and refractory CLL in the era of chemo-immunotherapy. Blood, 119, 4101–4107.Guideline 24a 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, British Journal of Haematology